Jupiter Fact Sheet
![[Cassini image of Jupiter]](http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/jupiter_cassini.jpg)
Jupiter/Earth Comparison
Bulk parameters
Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth)
Mass (1024 kg) 1,898.6 5.9736 317.83
Volume (1010 km3) 143,128 108.321 1321.33
Radius (1 bar level) (km)
Equatorial 71,492 6,378.1 11.209
Polar 66,854 6,356.8 10.517
Volumetric mean radius (km) 69,911 6,371.0 10.973
Ellipticity 0.06487 0.00335 19.36
Mean density (kg/m3) 1,326 5,515 0.240
Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 24.79 9.80 2.530
Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 23.12 9.78 2.364
Escape velocity (km/s) 59.5 11.19 5.32
GM (x 106 km3/s2) 126.686 0.3986 317.8
Bond albedo 0.343 0.306 1.12
Visual geometric albedo 0.52 0.367 1.42
Visual magnitude V(1,0) -9.40 -3.86 -
Solar irradiance (W/m2) 50.50 1367.6 0.037
Black-body temperature (K) 110.0 254.3 0.433
Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.254 0.3308 0.768
J2 (x 10-6) 14,736 1082.63 13.611
Number of natural satellites 63 1
Planetary ring system Yes No
Orbital parameters
Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth)
Semimajor axis (106 km) 778.57 149.60 5.204
Sidereal orbit period (days) 4,332.589 365.256 11.862
Tropical orbit period (days) 4,330.595 365.242 11.857
Perihelion (106 km) 740.52 147.09 5.034
Aphelion (106 km) 816.62 152.10 5.369
Synodic period (days) 398.88 - -
Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 13.07 29.78 0.439
Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 13.72 30.29 0.453
Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 12.44 29.29 0.425
Orbit inclination (deg) 1.304 0.000 -
Orbit eccentricity 0.0489 0.0167 2.928
Sidereal rotation period (hours) 9.9250* 23.9345 0.415
Length of day (hrs) 9.9259 24.0000 0.414
Obliquity to orbit (deg) 3.13 23.45 0.133
* System III (1965.0) coordinates
Jupiter Observational Parameters
Discoverer: Unknown
Discovery Date: Prehistoric
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 588.5
Maximum (106 km) 968.1
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 49.0
Minimum (seconds of arc) 29.8
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 628.76
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 46.9
Apparent visual magnitude -2.7
Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.94
Jupiter Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 5.20336301
Orbital eccentricity 0.04839266
Orbital inclination (deg) 1.30530
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 100.55615
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 14.75385
Mean Longitude (deg) 34.40438
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 268.05 - 0.009T
Declination : 64.49 + 0.003T
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
T = Julian centuries from reference date
Jovian Magnetosphere
Goddard Space Flight Center O4 ModelDipole field strength: 4.28 gauss-Rj3
Dipole tilt to rotational axis: 9.6 degrees
Longitude of tilt: 201.7 degrees
Dipole offset (planet center to dipole center) distance: 0.131 Rj
Latitude/Longitude of offset vector: -8.0 degrees/148.57 degrees
Note: All latitudes/longitudes are given in Jovian System III (1965.0) coordinates.
Rj denotes Jovian radii, 71,398 km
Jovian Atmosphere
Surface Pressure: >>1000 bars
Temperature at 1 bar: 165 K (-108 C)
Temperature at 0.1 bar: 112 K (-161 C)
Density at 1 bar: 0.16 kg/m3
Wind speeds
Up to 150 m/s (<30 degrees latitude)
Up to 40 m/s (>30 degrees latitude)
Scale height: 27 km
Mean molecular weight: 2.22 g/mole
Atmospheric composition (by volume, uncertainty in parentheses)
Major: Molecular hydrogen (H2) - 89.8% (2.0%); Helium (He) - 10.2% (2.0%)
Minor (ppm): Methane (CH4) - 3000 (1000); Ammonia (NH3) - 260 (40);
Hydrogen Deuteride (HD) - 28 (10); Ethane (C2H6) - 5.8 (1.5);
Water (H2O) - 4 (varies with pressure)
Aerosols: Ammonia ice, water ice, ammonia hydrosulfide
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